Gabriel Adrián Rabinovich
Laboratorio de Glicomedicine, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Gabriel Rabinovich博士は、ブエノスアイレスのInstitute of Biology and Experimental MedicineのLaboratory of Glycomedicineの室長であり、Argentinean National Research Council (CONICET)の上級研究員であり、ブエノスアイレス大学の免疫学の正教授でもあります。知名度の高い科学雑誌に掲載された 320 以上の論文や出版物に示されるように、彼の研究は、ガレクチンが、糖鎖により提示された情報を、炎症を制御したり、自己免疫疾患を抑制したり、がん細胞が免疫応答を回避できるようにしたりといった、新規な制御プログラムに変換できることを実証しました。彼の発見は、癌と自己免疫疾患における新たな治療法の可能性を切り開きました。彼は米国科学アカデミー、欧州分子生物学機構、世界科学アカデミー (TWAS) の会員であり、糖鎖生物学会 (米国) のカールマイヤー賞、TWAS 賞、グッゲンハイム賞などの多くの賞を受賞し、水谷糖質科学振興財団(日本)からも資金提供を受けました。さらに、全世界で 450 以上の講演を行い、いくつかの科学会議を主催するなど、糖質科学の発展に大きく貢献しています。
さらに、ガレクチンが他の分子と関わることにより生じる新たな人格は、免疫チェックポイント受容体と相互作用できることを利用することにより現れる。ガレクチン-3は、cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4)やlymphocyte activation gene-3(LAG-3)と結合することができ、T細胞活性化の閾値を調節する48,49。ガレクチン-1は、CD45と結合してそのホスファターゼ活性を調節する17,50。また、ガレクチン-9は、T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3(TIM-3)およびprogrammed death 1(PD-1)の両方に結合して、T細胞機能を低下させる51。さらに、ガレクチン自体が、糖鎖を介してさまざまながん環境において抗腫瘍免疫応答の大きさや性質を再調整するチェックポイントとして機能することが示唆されている52。このようにガレクチンは、特定の共抑制性受容体である免疫チェックポイント受容体に働きかけることで腫瘍のランドスケープを形成できるため、がん免疫療法のターゲットとして有望であると言える。しかし、ガレクチンは免疫だけでなく、血管新生や組織への浸潤、増殖といったがんの他の性質にも関与していることから、腫瘍形成や転移においてもさまざまな役割を果たしている点にも注目すべきである53。
R. P. Kluft, Multiple Personality Disorder. Encyclopedia of Stress, Second Edition, 783–790 (2007).
G. A. Rabinovich, M. A. Toscano, Turning “sweet” on immunity: galectin-glycan interactions in immune tolerance and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 9, 338–352 (2009).
K. V Mariño, A. J. Cagnoni, D. O. Croci, G. A. Rabinovich, Targeting galectin-driven regulatory circuits in cancer and fibrosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 22, 295-316 (2023), doi:10.1038/s41573-023-00636-2.
V. I. Teichberg, I. Silman, D. D. Beitsch, G. Resheff, A beta-D-galactoside binding protein from electric organ tissue of Electrophorus electricus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 72, 1383–1387 (1975).
K. Kasai, J. Hirabayashi, Galectins: a family of animal lectins that decipher glycocodes. J Biochem. 119, 1–8 (1996).
G. A. Rabinovich, N. M. Modesti, L. F. Castagna, C. A. Landa, C. M. Riera, C. E. Sotomayor, Specific inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and induction of apoptosis by CLL-I, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin. J Biochem. 122, 365–373 (1997).
S. H. Barondes, V. Castronovo, D. N. Cooper, R. D. Cummings, K. Drickamer, T. Feizi, M. A. Gitt, J. Hirabayashi, C. Hughes, K. Kasai, Galectins: a family of animal beta-galactoside-binding lectins. Cell. 76, 597-598 (1994).
D. N. W. Cooper, Galectinomics: finding themes in complexity. BiochimBiophys Acta. 1572, 209-231 (2002).
R.D. Cummings, F.T. Liu, G.A. Rabinovich, S.R. Stowell, G.R. Vasta, "Galectins" in Essentials of Glycobiology, Varki A et al, Ed. (Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, ed. 4th, 2022).
J. Hirabayashi, T. Hashidate, Y. Arata, N. Nishi, T. Nakamura, M. Hirashima, T. Urashima, T. Oka, M. Futai, W. E. G. Muller, F. Yagi, K. Kasai, Oligosaccharide specificity of galectins: a search by frontal affinity chromatography. BiochimBiophys Acta - General Subjects. 1572, 232–254 (2002).
J. P. Cerliani, S. R. Stowell, I. D. Mascanfroni, C. M. Arthur, R. D. Cummings, G. A. Rabinovich, Expanding the universe of cytokines and pattern recognition receptors: galectins and glycans in innate immunity. J Clin Immunol. 31, 10–21 (2011).
M. T. Elola, A. G. Blidner, F. Ferragut, C. Bracalente, G. A. Rabinovich, Assembly, organization and regulation of cell-surface receptors by lectin–glycan complexes. Biochem J. 469, 1–16 (2015).
M.A. Toscano, J.M. Ilarregui, G.A. Bianco, L. Campagna, D.O. Croci, M. Salatino, G.A. Rabinovich. Diseecting the pathophysiologic role of endogenous lectins: glycan-binding proteins with cytokine-like activity?. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 18, 57-71 (2007).
M. A. Toscano, V. C. Martínez Allo, A. M. Cutine, G. A. Rabinovich, K. V. Mariño, Untangling Galectin-Driven Regulatory Circuits in Autoimmune Inflammation. Trends Mol Med. 24, 348–363 (2018).
G. A. Rabinovich, G. Daly, H. Dreja, H. Tailor, C. M. Riera, J. Hirabayashi, Y. Chernajovsky, Recombinant Galectin-1 and Its Genetic Delivery Suppress Collagen-Induced Arthritis via T Cell Apoptosis. J Exp Med. 190, 385–398 (1999).
M. A. Toscano, A. G. Commodaro, J. M. Ilarregui, G. A. Bianco, A. Liberman, H. M. Serra, J. Hirabayashi, L. V. Rizzo, G. A. Rabinovich, Galectin-1 Suppresses Autoimmune Retinal Disease by Promoting Concomitant Th2- and T Regulatory-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Responses. The J Immunol. 176, 6323–6332 (2006).
M. A. Toscano, G. A. Bianco, J. M. Ilarregui, D. O. Croci, J. Correale, J. D. Hernandez, N. W. Zwirner, F. Poirier, E. M. Riley, L. G. Baum, G. A. Rabinovich, Differential glycosylation of TH1, TH2 and TH-17 effector cells selectively regulates susceptibility to cell death. Nat Immunol. 8, 825–834 (2007).
L. G. Morosi, A. M. Cutine, A. J. Cagnoni, M. N. Manselle-Cocco, D. O. Croci, J. P. Merlo, R. M. Morales, M. May, J. M. Pérez-Sáez, M. R. Girotti, S. P. Méndez-Huergo, B. Pucci, A. H. Gil, S. P. Huernos, G. H. Docena, A. M. Sambuelli, M. A. Toscano, G. A. Rabinovich, K. V. Mariño, Control of intestinal inflammation by glycosylation-dependent lectin-driven immunoregulatory circuits. Sci Adv. 7, eabf8630 (2021), doi:10.1126/SCIADV.ABF8630.
R. C. Davicino, S. P. Méndez-Huergo, R. J. Eliçabe, J. C. Stupirski, I. Autenrieth, M. S. Di Genaro, G. A. Rabinovich, Galectin-1-Driven Tolerogenic Programs Aggravate Yersinia enterocolitica Infection by Repressing Antibacterial Immunity. J Immunol. 199, 1382–1392 (2017).
C. V. Poncini, J. M. Ilarregui, E. I. Batalla, S. Engels, J. P. Cerliani, M. A. Cucher, Y. van Kooyk, S. M. González-Cappa, G. A. Rabinovich, Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Imparts a Regulatory Program in Dendritic Cells and T Cells via Galectin-1-Dependent Mechanisms. J Immunol. 195, 3311–3324 (2015).
N. Rubinstein, M. Alvarez, N. W. Zwirner, M. A. Toscano, J. M. Ilarregui, A. Bravo, J. Mordoh, L. Fainboim, O. L. Podhajcer, G. A. Rabinovich, Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gene expression in tumor cells results in heightened T cell-mediated rejection; A potential mechanism of tumor-immune privilege. Cancer Cell. 5, 241–251 (2004).
A. J. Cagnoni, M. L. Giribaldi, A. G. Blidner, A. M. Cutine, S. G. Gatto, R. M. Morales, M. Salatino, M. C. Abba, D. O. Croci, K. V Mariño, G. A. Rabinovich, Galectin-1 fosters an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer by reprogramming CD8(+) regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 118, e2102950118 (2021), doi:10.1073/pnas.2102950118.
C. C. Motran, K. M. Molinder, S. D. Liu, F. Poirier, M. C. Miceli, Galectin-1 functions as a Th2 cytokine that selectively induces Th1 apoptosis and promotes Th2 function. Eur J Immunol. 38, 3015–3027 (2008).
S. R. Stowell, Y. Qian, S. Karmakar, N. S. Koyama, M. Dias-Baruffi, H. Leffler, R. P. McEver, R. D. Cummings, Differential Roles of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Regulating Leukocyte Viability and Cytokine Secretion. J Immunol. 180, 3091–3102 (2008).
G. A. Rabinovich, A. Ariel, R. Hershkoviz, J. Hirabayashi, K. I. Kasai, O. Lider, Specific inhibition of T-cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and proinflammatory cytokine secretion by human recombinant galectin-1. Immunology. 97, 100–106 (1999).
A. Filer, M. Bik, G. N. Parsonage, J. Fitton, E. Trebilcock, K. Howlett, M. Cook, K. Raza, D. L. Simmons, A. M. C. Thomas, M. Salmon, D. Scheel-Toellner, J. M. Lord, G. A. Rabinovich, C. D. Buckley, Galectin 3 induces a distinctive pattern of cytokine and chemokine production in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts via selective signaling pathways. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1604–1614 (2009).
D. K. Hsu, R. Y. Yang, Z. Pan, L. Yu, D. R. Salomon, W. P. Fung-Leung, F. T. Liu, Targeted disruption of the Galectin-3 gene results in attenuated peritoneal inflammatory responses. Am J Pathol. 156, 1073–1083 (2000).
A. Fermin Lee, H. Y. Chen, L. Wan, S. Y. Wu, J. S. Yu, A. C. Huang, S. C. Miaw, D. K. Hsu, B. A. Wu-Hsieh, F. T. Liu, Galectin-3 modulates Th17 responses by regulating dendritic cell cytokines. Am J Pathol. 183, 1209–1222 (2013).
C. M. Daroqui, J. M. Ilarregui, N. Rubinstein, M. Salatino, M. A. Toscano, P. Vazquez, A. Bakin, L. Puricelli, E. Bal de Kier Joffé, G. A. Rabinovich, Regulation of galectin-1 expression by transforming growth factor beta1 in metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma cells: implications for tumor-immune escape. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 56, 491–499 (2007).
J. M. Ilarregui, D. O. Croci, G. A. Bianco, M. A. Toscano, M. Salatino, M. E. Vermeulen, J. R. Geffner, G. A. Rabinovich, Tolerogenic signals delivered by dendritic cells to T cells through a galectin-1-driven immunoregulatory circuit involving interleukin 27 and interleukin 10. Nat Immunol. 10, 981–991 (2009).
E. Valli, T. Dalotto-Moreno, H. A. Sterle, S. P. Méndez-Huergo, M. A. Paulazo, S. I. García, C. J. Pirola, A. J. Klecha, G. A. Rabinovich, G. A. Cremaschi, Hypothyroidism-associated immunosuppression involves induction of galectin-1-producing regulatory T cells. FASEB J. 37, e22865 (2023).
M. L. Fermino, F. C. Dias, C. D. Lopes, M. A. Souza, Â. K. Cruz, F.-T. Liu, R. Chammas, M. C. Roque-Barreira, G. A. Rabinovich, E. S. Bernardes, Galectin-3 negatively regulates the frequency and function of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells and influences the course of Leishmania major infection. Eur J Immunol. 43, 1806–1817 (2013).
J. F. Sampson, A. Suryawanshi, W.-S. Chen, G. A. Rabinovich, N. Panjwani, Galectin-8 promotes regulatory T-cell differentiation by modulating IL-2 and TGFβ signaling. Immunol Cell Biol. 94, 213–219 (2016).
C. Wu, T. Thalhamer, R. F. Franca, S. Xiao, C. Wang, C. Hotta, C. Zhu, M. Hirashima, A. C. Anderson, V. K. Kuchroo, Galectin-9-CD44 interaction enhances stability and function of adaptive regulatory T cells. Immunity. 41, 270–282 (2014).
J. Nieminen, C. St-Pierre, P. Bhaumik, F. Poirier, S. Sato, Role of Galectin-3 in Leukocyte Recruitment in a Murine Model of Lung Infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Immunol. 180, 2466–2473 (2008).
P. Bhaumik, G. St-Pierre, V. Milot, C. St-Pierre, S. Sato, Galectin-3 Facilitates Neutrophil Recruitment as an Innate Immune Response to a Parasitic Protozoa Cutaneous Infection. J Immunol. 190, 630–640 (2013).
B. D. Snarr, G. St-Pierre, B. Ralph, M. Lehoux, Y. Sato, A. Rancourt, T. Takazono, S. R. Baistrocchi, R. Corsini, M. P. Cheng, M. Sugrue, L. R. Baden, K. Izumikawa, H. Mukae, J. R. Wingard, I. L. King, M. Divangahi, M. S. Satoh, B. G. Yipp, S. Sato, D. C. Sheppard, Galectin-3 enhances neutrophil motility and extravasation into the airways during Aspergillus fumigatus infection. PLoSPathog. 16, e1008741 (2020), doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.1008741.
A. A. Mansour, F. Raucci, M. Sevim, A. Saviano, J. Begum, Z. Zhi, L. Pezhman, S. Tull, F. Maione, A. J. Iqbal, Galectin-9 supports primary T cell transendothelial migration in a glycan and integrin dependent manner. Biomed Pharmacother. 151, 113171 (2022), doi:10.1016/J.BIOPHA.2022.113171.
G. A. Rabinovich, C. E. Sotomayor, C. M. Riera, I. Bianco, S. G. Correa, Evidence of a role for galectin-1 in acute inflammation. Eur J Immunol. 30, 1331–9 (2000).
D. Cooper, L. V. Norling, M. Perretti, Novel insights into the inhibitory effects of Galectin-1 on neutrophil recruitment under flow. J Leukoc Biol. 83, 1459–1466 (2008).
S. Thiemann, J. H. Man, M. H. Chang, B. Lee, L. G. Baum, Galectin-1 Regulates Tissue Exit of Specific Dendritic Cell Populations. J Biol Chem. 290, 22662–22677 (2015).
J. He, L. G. Baum, Endothelial cell expression of galectin-1 induced by prostate cancer cells inhibits T-cell transendothelial migration. Lab Invest. 86, 578–590 (2006).
P. von Hundelshausen, K. Wichapong, H.-J. Gabius, K. H. Mayo, The marriage of chemokines and galectins as functional heterodimers. Cell Mol Life Sci. 78, 8073–8095 (2021).
V. Eckardt, M. C. Miller, X. Blanchet, R. Duan, J. Leberzammer, J. Duchene, O. Soehnlein, R. T. Megens, A.-K. Ludwig, A. Dregni, A. Faussner, K. Wichapong, H. Ippel, I. Dijkgraaf, H. Kaltner, Y. Döring, K. Bidzhekov, T. M. Hackeng, C. Weber, H.-J. Gabius, P. von Hundelshausen, K. H. Mayo, Chemokines and galectins form heterodimers to modulate inflammation. EMBO Rep. 21, e47852 (2020).
L. Sanjurjo, I. A. Schulkens, P. Touarin, R. Heusschen, E. Aanhane, K. C. M. Castricum, T. D. De Gruijl, U. J. Nilsson, H. Leffler, A. W. Griffioen, L. Elantak, R. R. Koenen, V. L. J. L. Thijssen, Chemokines modulate glycan binding and the immunoregulatory activity of galectins. Commun Biol. 4, 1415 (2021).
Nieminen J, St-Pierre C, Bhaumik P, Poirier F, Sato S, Role of galectin-3 in leukocyte recruitment in a murine model of lung infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Immunol. 180, 2466–2473 (2008)
S. Katoh, N. Ishii, A. Nobumoto, K. Takeshita, S. Y. Dai, R. Shinonaga, T. Niki, N. Nishi, A. Tominaga, A. Yamauchi, M. Hirashima, Galectin-9 inhibits CD44-hyaluronan interaction and suppresses a murine model of allergic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 176, 27–35 (2007).
K. S. Lau, E. A. Partridge, A. Grigorian, C. I. Silvescu, V. N. Reinhold, M. Demetriou, J. W. Dennis, Complex N-Glycan Number and Degree of Branching Cooperate to Regulate Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Cell. 129, 123–134 (2007).
T. Kouo, L. Huang, A. B. Pucsek, M. Cao, S. Solt, T. Armstrong, E. Jaffee, Galectin-3 Shapes Antitumor Immune Responses by Suppressing CD8+ T Cells via LAG-3 and Inhibiting Expansion of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Cancer Immunol Res. 3, 412–423 (2015).
S. C. Starossom, I. D. Mascanfroni, J. Imitola, L. Cao, K. Raddassi, S. F. Hernandez, R. Bassil, D. O. Croci, J. P. Cerliani, D. Delacour, Y. Wang, W. Elyaman, S. J. Khoury, G. A. Rabinovich, Galectin-1 Deactivates Classically Activated Microglia and Protects from Inflammation-Induced Neurodegeneration. Immunity. 37, 249–263 (2012).
R. Yang, L. Sun, C.-F. Li, Y.-H. Wang, J. Yao, H. Li, M. Yan, W.-C. Chang, J.-M. Hsu, J.-H. Cha, J. L. Hsu, C.-W. Chou, X. Sun, Y. Deng, C.-K. Chou, D. Yu, M.-C. Hung, Galectin-9 interacts with PD-1 and TIM-3 to regulate T cell death and is a target for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun. 12, 832 (2021).
S. P. Méndez-Huergo, A. G. Blidner, G. A. Rabinovich, Galectins: emerging regulatory checkpoints linking tumor immunity and angiogenesis. CurrOpin Immunol. 45, 8–15 (2017).
M. R. Girotti, M. Salatino, T. Dalotto-Moreno, G. A. Rabinovich, Sweetening the hallmarks of cancer: Galectins as multifunctional mediators of tumor progression. J Exp Med. 217, e20182041 (2020), doi:10.1084/JEM.20182041.
T. L. M. Thurston, M. P. Wandel, N. von Muhlinen, A. Foeglein, F. Randow, Galectin 8 targets damaged vesicles for autophagy to defend cells against bacterial invasion. Nature. 482, 414–418 (2012).
F.-T. Liu, S. R. Stowell, The role of galectins in immunity and infection. Nat Rev Immunol, 1–16 (2023).
F. Reggiori, H.-J. Gabius, M. Aureli, W. Römer, S. Sonnino, E.-L. Eskelinen, Glycans in autophagy, endocytosis and lysosomal functions. Glycoconj J. 38, 625–647 (2021).
A. J. Russo, S. O. Vasudevan, S. P. Méndez-Huergo, P. Kumari, A. Menoret, S. Duduskar, C. Wang, J. M. Pérez Sáez, M. M. Fettis, C. Li, R. Liu, A. Wanchoo, K. Chandiran, J. Ruan, S. K. Vanaja, M. Bauer, C. Sponholz, G. A. Hudalla, A. T. Vella, B. Zhou, S. D. Deshmukh, G. A. Rabinovich, V. A. Rathinam, Intracellular immune sensing promotes inflammation via gasdermin D–driven release of a lectin alarmin. Nat Immunol. 22, 154–165 (2021).
M. A. Rehan, A. Kuppa, A. Ahuja, S. Khalid, N. Patel, F. S. Budi Cardi, V. V Joshi, A. Khalid, H. Tohid, A Strange Case of Dissociative Identity Disorder: Are There Any Triggers? Cureus. 10, e2957 (2018), doi:10.7759/CUREUS.2957.
D. O. Croci, J. P. Cerliani, T. Dalotto-Moreno, S. P. Méndez-Huergo, I. D. Mascanfroni, S. Dergan-Dylon, M. A. Toscano, J. J. Caramelo, J. J. García-Vallejo, J. Ouyang, E. A. Mesri, M. R. Junttila, C. Bais, M. A. Shipp, M. Salatino, G. A. Rabinovich, Glycosylation-dependentlectin-receptor interactions preserve angiogenesis in anti-VEGF refractorytumors. Cell. 156, 744–758 (2014).